The Democratic Republic of Congo is holding presidential and legislative elections on Wednesday after a chaotic campaign marred by opposition allegations of fraud, electoral violence, and logistical setbacks that could prevent many from voting.
At stake is not just the legitimacy of the next administration. Congolese election disputes often spark violent unrest with potentially far-reaching consequences.
Congo is the world’s third-largest copper producer, and the top producer of cobalt, a battery component needed for the green transition.
Delays were reported in several towns in Congo’s rebel-plagued east and the capital Kinshasa, voting materials had not arrived at polling stations and voter lists were not published.
In the eastern cities of Goma and Beni, some people struggled to find their names on voter lists, which were only made available at their polling stations on Wednesday morning, according to Reuters witnesses.
“The last (election) wasn’t like this. We could find our names in alphabetical order. But this time trying to verify your name is a headache for some of us who did not study.
“If we don’t get any help, we’ll go home,” resident Kahindo Katsotyo said.
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In Bunia, also in eastern Congo, security forces fired warning shots to disperse protesters after a voting centre was vandalised and kits destroyed, a Reuters reporter said.
A provincial election commission official told journalists that people displaced by violence in the region had protested because they wanted to vote in their hometowns.
For months, Congo’s national election commission has insisted it would deliver a free and fair vote as promised across Africa’s second-largest country, even as independent observers and critics flag irregularities they say will jeopardise the legitimacy of the results.
About 44 million Congolese are registered to take part in the voting, which also includes regional ballots.
As the voting day neared, the authorities sought extra helicopters, raising concerns about the commission’s ability to open polling stations in areas otherwise unreachable due to bad roads or a lack of security.
Full provisional results are expected by Dec. 31.
President Felix Tshisekedi is competing against 19 opposition challengers in the hope of a second term running the mineral-rich yet poverty-stricken nation.
“I have asked you to give me strength to continue the work that we have started,” Tshisekedi said in his final rally on Monday, promising to expand a free education policy if elected.
Opposition candidates have wooed voters with pledges to bring stability, peace, and the economic development they say was absent from Tshisekedi’s first term.
They and religious and civil society electoral observers have sounded the alarm about electoral transparency, highlighting issues including the voter list and illegible ID cards.
“It is evident that the greatest electoral fraud of the century is taking place,” Nobel Laureate and opposition candidate Denis Mukwege said on Monday.
The election commission has repeatedly rejected the opposition’s allegations of fraud.
The election will be decided in a single round, requiring a simple majority of the vote to win.
The final run-up to the vote has been particularly fraught.
Two parliamentary candidates were killed in separate incidents on Dec. 15 – part of a spate of election-related violence condemned by human rights groups and the European Union.
Ahead of election day in Kinshasa, some locals were not convinced their vote would count.
“Every time we vote, we are disappointed, but if I had to vote, it would be for a change,” said 43-year-old Lucie Mpiana, who is unemployed.
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